Oedipus the King Essay -- Classics Oedipus King Essays

Oedipus the King Oedipus the King is the ideal case of a catastrophe. It contains a complete mix of the considerable number of highlights of a catastrophe. Aristotle in his Poetics[1] characterizes Oedipus as being 'a positive case of the structure and motivation behind catastrophe'. In catastrophes the Greeks performed climactic occasions in the lives of legends, and Oedipus' story is no special case. By utilizing a wide range of abstract gadgets it brings moral issues of activity and rationale to the open stage. The activity is set out over the time period of one day, which will as indicated by the prophet Tiresias will bring Oedipus' 'introduction to the world' and 'demolition'. Lord Oedipus is the focal hero and inside his character lies an appalling imperfection. He is unexpectedly the engineer of his own defeat. The qualities that once lead him to comprehend the question behind the sphinx later lead him to his own defeat. In the expressions of the minister; 'you helped us stand, just to fall again'. Oedipus' hamartia is his resentment. It lies at the base of the plot. It was fierceness that lead him to execute Laius. He was going to push Oedipus off the street one night, so Oedipus 'took care of him with enthusiasm' by killing him. Another imperfection is a tireless want to find reality. His 'careless determination's rouses him to look for reality with regards to Laius' executioner and who his dad is. This pursuit prompts the new development that happen all through the play. In spite of steady refusal of his destiny he can't preclude the work from claiming the divine beings. Tiresias conveys him a prediction of this destiny. Oedipus' conditions are a long ways past his own control. Regardless of what he endeavors to do or adjust each way drives a similar way. He finds himself 'consistently panicked Apollo's' prophet may work out as expected'. In any case he is resolved to search out the Kings killer to rebuff him. This scan interlinks with the quest for his dad. Jocasta additionally attempts to deny predetermination accepting that 'nothing human can infiltrate the future'. She professes to accept that's 'everything possibility, chance principles our lives'. Anyway destiny definitely dominates. Through the procedure of anagorsis Oedipus finds he is in truth the exceptionally criminal he looks for. Alongside this he understands further truth in the prediction, that he is hitched to his mom. Jocasta additionally comes to understand a similar truth. Before the finish of the play his last defeat alongside hers is unavoidable. Sad iro... ...midsections that brought forth my pathetic life. What melancholy can crown this anguish? It's mine alone, my fate - I am Oedipus!' These two proclamations show an incredible peripeteia. When a legend lolled in greatness, he has now surrendered to his fate. Thusly he is brought down to a genuinely lamentable state. His modified state serves to feature the inversion of fortune he experiences. His sad defect drives him to recognizing his destiny. Oedipus' defeat comes as he attempts to get away from destiny however can't. The crowd realizes this as does the theme and we can just watch. Oedipus the King contains nothing outside of the definition; it's simply unadulterated Tragedy at the very center. It additionally affirms to Aristotle's hypothesis of Tragedy. It complies with all the principles what's more, the components of Tragedy referenced all through. These highlights lace together to make a definitive work of Tragedy. From all of this it is verifiable that the word 'catastrophe' is a conveniently exact portrayal of Sophocles' play Oedipus the King. - - - - - [1] W.B. Worthen, The Harcourt Brace Anthology of Drama, third Edition (USA, Harcourt College Publishers, 2000), p 72.

Conflict in the Mid East essays

Struggle in the Mid East papers Struggle and Turmoil in the Middle East The center east is a land loaded with abhor and strife, numerous variables from at various times consolidate to make the center east the focal point of distress that it is today. A few components are its various gathering of people groups living in such a little region, the a wide range of rulers and proprietors the land has had consistently, and the shrewd rulers the nations right now have. Those are only a couple of the numerous reasons the center east is by and by a disturbed and tempestuous region. One of the fundamental reasons there is such a great amount of pressure in the center east, is the entirety of the various people groups and ethnic gatherings that live there. This is because of the various rulers the center east has had over the previous hundreds of years. Administering force will be passed from domain to realm and realm to realm various occasions, each time another measure is framed, more scorn is developed for the foe, and an ever increasing number of individuals wish to battle again for the land they accept is legitimately theirs. The center east is characterized as the grounds in North Africa, as far as possible east to the Dardanelles in Asia Minor, so actually the primary leaders of the center east were the old Egyptians in 4000 BC, later the war-like Assyrians grew up close by the Egyptians at around 1000 BC. Before long, at around 500 BC, the Persians came and vanquished the whole center east, with their state house being in present day Iran. The Persian Emp ire was before long crushed by Alexander the incredible in 334 BC. His rule was brief, however, as the Romans oversaw the region in 300 BC. The Roman Empire appreciated a long and prosperous reign until its unavoidable breakdown in 500 AD, this empowered the Arab-Islamic realm to oversee the center east, North Africa, Spain, and terrains that extended to the fringes of China and India in the year 661. The standard of the Arab-Islamic domain went unchallenged for many years, until around the tenth century, when the Seljuk Turks, ... <!

3 Books to Fight Political Loneliness

3 Books to Fight Political Loneliness This is a guest post from Zoe Strickland. Zoe is a writer, editor, and caffeine-addict living in Oregon. She likes wine, pop culture, space, and tattoos. She’s one of those ‘loud feminists’ and wouldn’t have it any other way. Follow her on Twitter  @zoealea. It’s no denying that the current political state is a crapshoot. You can’t go on social media without seeing posts upon posts about the void of politics. Like many people, I’ve coped with this by sinking into a couch with a mug of coffee, and reading. While I love the escape, it’s also important to face what’s going on, and to connect with the different points of view of people and how they’ve been affected by the administration. We all know that books give us the reassurance that we’re not doing this thing alone, so I’ve begun to explore books that were put together and published after this last November’s election. Think of it as a sort of quest of literary hope. These are my findings: Pantsuit Nation edited by Libby Chamberlain Pantsuit Nation is a book that collects the reasons and stories behind people who voted for Hillary Clinton. I picked this book up without really reading the description. My brain flagged it as a feminist political read, and I immediately checked it out of the library. Regardless of whether or not you agree with Clinton, Pantsuit Nation is a fantastic read. It is a book that’s less about the politics, and more about the stories of everyday people and what makes them tick. Radical Hope: Love and Dissent in Dangerous Times edited by Carolina de Robertis Radical Hope is just what the title leads you to think it is. It’s a collection of essays by people who are trying to find hope in a world where it may be difficult to find it. The essays are written in the form of letters to people in the past, present, and future. Some contributors write to their ancestors and relatives, and some write to historical figures. Radical Hope is emotional, it’s real, and it’s a great book to keep you company. Our Stories, Our Voices edited by Amy Reed This book hasn’t actually come out yet: Our Stories, Our Voices is slated for a Summer 2018 release, and contains essays by YA writers. The essays are described as ones that explore, “diverse experiences of injustice, empowerment, and growing up female in America” with the goal of offering “hope and solidarity to young readers.” Though it doesn’t come out for another year, Our Stories, Our Voices is bound to be exceptional. These books are more than just political collections; they’re pieces of literature that may just help you feel like you aren’t alone. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Sample Abstract for Research Paper

The abstract is an important part of a research paper, especially of those assignments which are created according to APA style. Abstract for a research paper is the first part of a study which is written before the introduction in order to present the core idea of the whole work to its readers. It is a short and informative section the length of which varies from one to two hundred words. It includes such information as the purpose of the paper and the research problems, essential findings, basic design tools, and conclusions. The sample abstract for research paper depends on the area of scientific studies of the author. It is a well-known wisdom that when there is a sound body there must be a sound mind. However, modern lifestyle, with the extensive processes of globalization and urbanization, effects eating habits of many people because of their rapid pace of work and lack of time to prepare food. Consequently, people prefer to eat fast-food which contains a large number of carbohydrates, sodium, sugar, and fats. By definition, fast food is a type of food which may be prepared for eating in the shortest time. The current paper studies relevant academic articles which describe negative effects of fast-food on human physical and mental health. As one of the main negative sides of fast-food consuming, obesity takes the first place. Among the other health problems, there are arterial occlusion, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, hypertension, diabetes. Moreover, negative consequences of fast-food are depression, loss of appetite, lack of strength to work and think, and low level of general well-being. In the conclusion, this research paper examines the major ways of how fast-food consuming can be reduced. The author used the methods of analysis and comparison of new scientific approaches towards the issue of healthy food by connecting statistics and expertive forecasts of nutritionists. As the result, it became evident that this problem will only grow and the international community should immediately take measures to eliminate it. References Cronin, J. McCarthy, M. (2011). Fast food and fast games. British Food Journal, 113(6), 720-743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070701111140070 Gray, B. (2006). Weight status and decision making in a food selection task. Grossman, M., Tekin, E., Wada, R. (2013). Food prices and body fatness among youths. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Haugen, D., Musser, S., Schlosser, E. (2013). The food industry in Eric Schlossers Fast food nation. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Scherer, L. (2010). Fast food. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press. Warsi, K. Nisa, S. Food Retailing: Fast Food Industry. SSRN Electronic Journal. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.664962 Zirfas, J. (2013). Fast Food and Fun. Paragrana, 22(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/para.2013.0005

The Oppression of Caliban in The Tempest Essay - 2573 Words

The Oppression of Caliban in The Tempest William Shakespeares, The Tempest, provides insight into the hierarchy of command and servitude by order of nature. This play uses the relationship between its characters to display the control of the conqueror over the conquered. It also shows how society usually places the undesirable members at the bottom of the chain of command, even though they may be entitled to a higher social status. For example, the beginning of the play opens with a scene on a boat in the midst of a terrible storm. The boatswain, who is under the command of the royal party, attempts to keep the boat from sinking. Members of the royal party, however, persist in interfering with his duties. The boatswain†¦show more content†¦Calibans monstrosity, however, out-Herods Herod(Draper 89). According to the other inhabitants of the island, Caliban is a monster. He is a symbol of what they never want to become. Caliban reminds them to act as though they are worthy of their high social status. He is the painfully realistic entity around whom the other rulers on the island silently rally in order to maintain a social balance. They abhor him but desperately desire to possess at the same time. On a narrower scale, the oppression of the underdog is obvious in the undesirable Caliban and his relationship to Prospero, Miranda, Ariel and Ferdinand. Prospero, the self-appointed king of the island upon which everyone eventually becomes shipwrecked, immediately oppresses Caliban and claims him as his slave, even though Caliban was the original inhabitant of the island. Prospero and his daughter are technically guests in Calibans home. Caliban is the son of the devil and Sycorax, a witch. Prospero uses Calibans unsavory origin as an excuse to enslave him. He claims that he is a bad seed, and he deserves a life of servitude. He never actually justifies the situation with a logical explanation, so he must use whatever information he can think of as a poor excuse to exploit Caliban for his own self-propagation. Prospero is even bold enough to suggest that by enslaving Caliban, he is actually extending charity towards him. He feels thatShow MoreRelatedThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1705 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Mr. Nath 5 December 2014 The Tempest Written between 1610 and 1611, The Tempest by William Shakespeare is the final play penned by the famous Bard. The play portrays the illusory struggle of power and conscience through the character of Prospero and his egocentric motives. Politically, the play can be seen as an analysis of important political issues relevant to that of oppression and imperialistic tendencies of the time. Artistically, The Tempest emphasizes the nature of art, more prominentlyRead MoreAn Analysis of Power and Violence in Literature Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pagesexerts its control and power over the ruling class using violence, but the power held by the ruling class doesn’t necessarily have to use violence. This passage is clearly portrayed in Aristophanes’ ‘Assembly Women,’ Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest,’ and Cà ©saire’s ‘A Tempest.’ These works of literature focus primarily on the acquisition of power, and how it is used to change, mani pulate, and control the people/circumstances/laws in question. Aristophanes’ play, â€Å"Ecclesiazusae† or â€Å"The Assembly Women†Read More Aime Cesaires A Tempest Clarifies Shakespeares The Tempest1683 Words   |  7 PagesCesaires A Tempest Clarifies Shakespeares The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   Negritude, originally a literary and ideological movement of French-speaking black intellectuals, reflects an important and comprehensive reaction to the colonial situation of European colonization (Carlberg).   This movement, which influenced Africans as well as blacks around the world, specifically rejects the political, social, and moral domination of the West.  Ã‚   Leopold Senghor, Leon Damas, and Aime Cesaire are the three pioneersRead More Prospero in William Shakespeares The Tempest Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesProspero in William Shakespeares The Tempest Prospero has long been read as one of Shakespeare’s most cherished and provocative protagonists. His timeless role in â€Å"The Tempest† has provided readers and critics with insights into many attributes of Shakespeare as a man, his works, and the political views that are personified in his play. The historical context of â€Å"The Tempest† is one that convincingly conveys the political views of the English people of his time, relating to the colonizationRead MoreCaribbean Colonization And Power In The Tempest By William Shakespeare1315 Words   |  6 Pageshave suffered through slavery and being abandoned by Great Britain. Through the stories that we read in class I saw the theme of power show up in the text. The mystery of the Caribbean was enough to make Shakespeare choose it for his final play The Tempest a story about power and how easy it is achieved and lost. Power is like control this is what makes it such a trick subject since it is always shifting a nd everyone thinks they have it but you know when you don’t have it. Power is a form of control;Read MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare858 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s retirement play ‘The Tempest’ mainly focuses on the used of power; the will to control over others. Power seems to be the main theme throughout the play as it is manifested by different characters either in a good way or as the case may be, bad. The protagonist Prospero is the main character that holds majority of the power, both magical and political. Tempest, which was written in the early 1600s, shows how characters like Prospero, Antonio and even Caliban plus others exert power over theRead More Interpretation Alternatives of Shakespeares The Tempest Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesInterpretation Alternatives of The Tempest      Ã‚   A production of The Tempest should emphasize the idealized methods in which Prospero uses magic to solve the problem of revenge which is so prevalent throughout his tragedies, perhaps the production might be a direct allegory for the magic of the theatre itself.     In this conception of the play, the scattering and bringing together of the characters in the script is significant in that theatre also could be said to bring people together and allowRead MoreEssay on M. Butterfly1681 Words   |  7 Pagesin drama, where there are two excellent illustrations of postcolonial literature, M. Butterfly by David Henry Hwang, and A Tempest by Aime Cesaire. Both plays are re-worked versions of and Puccinis opera, Madame Butterfly and Shakespeares The Tempest, and retain similar characters and basic plots. Shakespeares and Puccinis works created symbols of other cultures. Caliban is the black devil, and Cio-Cio San is the timid and beautiful Butterfly. These symbols have become stereotypes in WesternRead MoreImperialism in the Tempest - a Question of Ethics and Morality1165 Words   |  5 Pagesas superior compared to the poor savages(Takaki 148); likewise in The Tempest, Shakespeare portrayed Prospero as the rightful leader of Calibans island, just as the Europeans thought of themselves as the rightful rulers of the Americas. However, Prospero did not have the right to exercise authority over Caliban morally and ethically, even though at the time the play was written, it was widely accepted. Hence, The Tempest contains many European principles which are represented through the eventsRead More Comparing Power in Shakespeares Tempest and Aime Cesaires A Tempest1297 Words   |  6 PagesPower in Shakespeares Tempest and Cà ©saires A Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   Power is defined as the possession of control, authority, or influence over others.   In William Shakespeares The Tempest and Aimà © Cà ©saires A Tempest, power is a key element in the relationships that exist between characters.   As Caliban and Prospero battle for dominance over the island, Miranda finds that she holds a certain power of her own as she matures from an innocent youth to a sensual, strong-headed young woman.   Seen by

The Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship DB Free Essays

My view of entrepreneurship is that you don’t need to have exceptional skills to be successful when you decide to start a business. All one needs to have is the desire to work in order to achieve his goals. According to my understanding of the word entrepreneur, it is a French word which means to undertake, so in business it is to start a business. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship DB or any similar topic only for you Order Now To say that you must have superior qualities that a few have in order to be an entrepreneur is not only far fetched but also erroneous, I simply don’t agree with that kind of thought. Strategic planning is a direction or strategy that a business is going to follow in certain period of time. It is so important to a small business in because it keeps it on the edge of competition with big companies. A business with no strategy has no direction. Strategy outlines the direction of the business. Without a strategy it is difficult to achieve goals in a business and small businesses therefore ought to formulate viable strategies that can cope with competition and at the same time make the business focused in scope. To me strategic planning is a process that does not only requires good management skills but also it requires the will and commitment by all persons involved in order to attain the set goals. (McDonald, 2001) There are several factors that an entrepreneur should consider before choosing any form of ownership. There are: The risks involved which are normally high in entrepreneurship, purpose of the business, its goals, strategies for achieving each goal, a plan to implement each goal and the way of monitoring the implementation plan. Other   factors includes the influence one have in the running of the   business and one must also know the responsibility for debts, the amount of   tax payable to the government and the county or the local government, one must also know the   government policies of that particular business. A person must also consider the amount of profit to expect and the time he or she spends on that business. I disagree with educators who thinks that student in colleges should not engage in business, this is simply because the students engage in this for they have been taught its fundamentals and they cannot wait to put them in practice. Once students get the desired knowledge they become innovative and hence they cannot wait to test their skills as entrepreneurs. Research indicates that entrepreneurship should include innovations such as; new products, new production methods, new markets and new types of business among other innovations. In my own perspective wealth is created when such innovations are utilized since it results in new demand of commodities. The purpose of an entrepreneur is to build a lucrative, moral, and a sustainable business organization. I am of the opinion that one must adhere to factors such as: 1. Profitable business practices that satisfies and attract new customers, pay employees fairly and rewards innovation and diligence.2.Ethical business practices that include the protection the privacy of the clients and employee financial and personal information, to respect ethnic, political and religious backgrounds of the customers.3.Sustainable business practices that can withstand the dynamics of the world, these involves establishing markets not exploiting them, doing away with abusive working conditions and keeping   basic labor rights, replacing non-renewable energy sources with renewable energy sources, encouraging developing countries to improve labor and environmental standards amongst suppliers. (Cullen and Boteeah, 2005) Reference Cullen, J. and Boteeah, K. (2005) Multinational Management: A strategic Approach: 3rd Edition: Thomson South-Western; Mason McDonald, M. (2001): Marketing Plans: How to Prepare Them, How to Use Them. 4th Edition: London, Butterworth Heinenamm          How to cite The Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship DB, Essay examples

Metholdogy for economic discourse analysis in climate change

Implications for Using Genre Analysis and Rhetoric Analysis The analysis of economic writing requires as multi-dimensional approach with regard to many reasons. One of them is confined to the idea that economic discourse has always presented economy as it really was. Its objective existence, therefore, can be predicted and interpreted through many models and techniques, but the actual object under consideration always remains a constant (Garzone and Sarangi, 2007, p. 311).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Metholdogy for economic discourse analysis in climate change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Further, discourse analysis of economics is strongly associated with discourse communities that have â€Å"a broadly agreed set of common public goals, mechanism of intercommunication which provide channels for participations in order to facilitate the exchange of information and feedback, the possession and us e of more than one genre† (Garzone and Sarangi, 2007, p. 312). Regarding the fact that knowledge is a decisive factor of social change, the use of linguistic devices, particularly genres, as means of persuasion is essential to communicate economic ideas in a more persuasive way. Judging from the above-presented assumptions, genre provides us with broader opportunities for producing change in the economic discourse, which can be seen in different newspaper articles on business and economics. Garzone and Sarangi (2007) claim that genre often define the style and position of a particular political party describing economic events. This is why discourse communities apply to several genres to express their position on their economic writings. The author also provides an example of Lex column from The Financial Times to provide that it â€Å"identifies its own discourse community as being made up of â€Å"many of the financial community† who need to be informed in detail abo ut company and performance† (Garzone and Sarangi, 2007, p. 314). In this respect, genre can be defined as a specific aspect of discourse analysis, either written of spoken, aimed at rendering ideological content to a specific target audience. Wherever the exposition of economic facts provides an objective account, rhetorical analysis explains how these formal facts are intertwined with personal opinion of an author. In this respect, a rhetoric analysis of the economic discourse draws the parallels between logic and science. It aims to understand, debunk, or admire as specific economic position.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to McCloskey (1998), â€Å"rhetorical sophistication is an alternative to reading scientific texts the way the implied reader does, a reader who believes for example in talking bears† (p. 19). Rhetoric, thus, identifies a specific angle of ideological position. In this respect, â€Å"†¦all knowledge implies a certain perspective on things†¦and bears the promise not only of illuminating key features†¦of the discipline of economics, but also of identifying and problematizing the epistemological, political, and moral issues† (Vestergaard, 2009, p. 20). Hence, the power of argumentation and representation of the discipline from different perspectives endows the economic discourse with exhaustive characterization and analysis. Due to the fact that the main goal of the research is to define the rhetoric devices used to underscore the economic discourse in climate change, such concepts as argumentation, discourse coalition overview, as well as the concept of discursive information used by Foucault, should be applied. All these theories contribute to revealing the interaction between language and discourse to render economic debates on climate change. Moreover, it provides a sufficie nt explanation and justification for applying rhetoric and genre analysis of economic discourse. In particular, it draws the direct connection between rhetoric and discourse and genre and discourse. Rationale for Argumentative Discourse Analysis As it has been previously defined, knowledge is considered an important factor for social change. Discourse analysis, therefore, seeks to persuade a specific audience that a specific object should be considered from the define position. Because social change is largely influenced by different ideological influences, argumentation is another approach to highlight a specific perspective of economic discourse. Assuming the fact that argumentation and discourse are inherently connected, the latter can be effected in a certain genre, or situation. With regard to this, Amossy (2009) claims that â€Å"verbal organization and socio-institutional components are closely intertwined, meaning that context appears as an integral part of the text† (p. 314).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Metholdogy for economic discourse analysis in climate change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Synthesis of linguistic approaches and social perspectives allows to enhance the economic discourse. Agreeing with the fact that to communicate the idea is identical to introduce a specific action, the discourse analysis can be interpreted as â€Å"interaction, emphasizing the primacy of dialogue, or actual exchanges† (Amossy, 2009, p. 315). Accepting this assumption, it should be noted that genres of discourses are always presented by institutional and formal models, which lie at the core of discourse analysis. Overall, the connection of rhetoric and discourse is revealed through the centrality of language. Specifically, â€Å"†¦argumentation relies on natural language where univocity is neither possible, nor desirable† (Amossy, 2009, p. 315). As a r esult, the inevitability of ambivalence and bias argues the necessity of analyzing the role of rhetoric devices and genre analysis in framing an economic discourse. The argumentative dimensions of discourse, therefore, can be revealed through effective presentation, which implies use of repetitions, connotations and concrete elements to amplify the overall impression of the text on the reader. Rationale for Discourse Coalition Analysis Because economic discourse encapsulates different perspectives on objectives facts, the analysis of positions must be carried out with regard to the concept of discourse coalitions. Aligning this approach to discussing the economic perspective of climate change is reasonable because it allows to approach systematically to studying the problem. The idea of discourse coalitions was first introduced by Hajer who defines the notion as a group of actors sharing common concepts, ideas, and categories, by means of which a specific phenomenon is provided with social meaning and political frame (Fischer and Forester, 1993, p. 9). Hence, the success of climate change coalition lies in their ability to introduce their linguistic categories into the practices and methodologies shaping the current political deliberations. In addition, Hajer’s theory is based on defining the concepts of storylines and discourse coalitions (Waterhout, 2008, p. 23).Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this respect, storylines are regarded as generative statements connected the unrelated components of discourse, which allows to bring in new understanding and meanings to a particular subject (Klamer Solow, 1988; Mackie, 1998). In their turn, discourse coalitions are organized around such storylines, which makes those much more influential. The above-presented definitions justify and underscore the role of knowledge and rhetoric in introducing social and political change. Therefore, using a coalition discourse analysis at the core of the research will contribute to creating a framework for the defining the importance of economic discourse based on ideological positions. Using specific storylines is possible only through introducing specific linguistic devices and the power of rhetoric to attract as much supporters as possible. In this respect, exploring how rhetoric devices influence discourse coalition development allows to understand the economic discourse of climate change. U nderstanding the Role of Foucauldian Discourse Analysis The current economic discourse in climate changes proves the existence of economic pluralism, which implies the necessity to explore different methodologies and models for studying different positions. The fact that economists apply to a wide range of linguistic devices to either produce or expand the economic theories is undeniable. In this respect, it is imperative to emphasize the discursive, non-epistemological nature of economic discourse that is primarily based on the textual representation of knowledge. More importantly, the new outlook on non-epistemological-discursive aspects of economic frameworks creates a fresh insight into studying economic methodologies. This outlook was first presented by Foucault who views economic discourse as a set of discursive elements united by a specific social meaning, frame. Foucault’s archeological framework seeks to â€Å"to understand how a particular discourse acquires the st atus of scientificity, how it creates in itself†¦the conditions of what counts as truth† (Kologlugil, 2010, p. 6). Regarding this perspective, learning the truth about reality is not always the main purpose of scientific discourse because the later is often evaluated with broader social and political concepts. Because the main purpose of the economic discourse is to deliver a specific social and political connotation of specific idea, the review of basic ideas of Foucault’s archaeological approach explains the reasons for introducing knowledge within a specific contextual frame. At this point, consideration of a historical period matters when it comes to analysis economic discourse in the climate change crisis. More importantly, it provides new strategies and approaches to exploring the actual aims of discourse coalitions. Data Collection And Data Analysis Identifying Types of Data The gather material includes predominantly texts from websites. There texts were pre sented in the form of newspaper articles, columns, and blogs. All the information corresponds to the topic of discussion – economic discourse in climate change crisis. Based on the discourse coalition analysis, the chosen sources of information have been divided into two parts – the climate change advocacy discourse coalition and climate change skepticism discourse coalition. The chosen positions dictate opposite ideologies with regard to such topics as economic growth, climate change cost and benefit analysis, economic influence on environmental problems, and economic polices aimed either at emphasizing the problem of climate change, or ignoring this phenomenon. All these topics were reviewed with regard to discourse coalition analysis, macro-argument analysis, and genre analysis of discourse, and rhetoric analysis of discourse. All these frameworks were used to analyze the collected data and define what kinds of data should be used to fulfill the research objectives and answer the research questions. Judging from the above, there were six types of social actors were used to explore the main economic aspects of climate change discourse. The rationale for choosing this website is predetermined by the political framework and ideologies represented by those organizations. At this point, such social actors as environmental non-governmental organizations, governments, policy think tanks, newspaper articles, and newspaper columnist from respectable publishers. By means of Hajer’s approach to discourse analysis, I have managed to choose the sites either supporting the climate change prevention policies or rejecting the necessity of introducing such measures. Criteria Used For Choosing the Samples While choosing the samples for the rhetoric and genre analysis, I used search engine machine and keywords â€Å"climate change† and â€Å"economy†. I used these phrases both separately to define how often articles on climate change discuss economic problems and, vice versa, in what ways economic entities touch upon the problem of climate change. In this respect, an important notice was revealed. While reviewing the climate change topics of The Wall Street Journals, I encountered many articles and blogs reflecting disagreement with the policy of green economy. In contrast, I reviewed economic topics of actors supporting the policy of climate change to have defined the direct congruency between these two perspectives. While searching for pertinent information, I apply use keywords â€Å"climate change† and â€Å"economy† both within potential websites and outside those. I was primarily focused on newspaper articles, blogs, commentaries, and newspaper column because these sources of information effectively communicated ideological ideas of specific social actors. They completely differed from scientific articles and other scholarly materials because they did not reveal a completely objective evaluation of a specific event, phenomenon, or historical figures. Hence, scientific style aims to represent reality in an objective way and deliver facts in a transparent and clear way. In this regard, paying attention to genres and styles of representing information is the basis criteria for picking up examples for the given research. The newspaper articles, columnists, and blogs have been selected in accordance with the following criteria: Newspaper titles as signifiers of economic highlights in climate change. They also provide contextual information with regard to genre and rhetoric devices applied in the body of an article. For instance, some articles were chosen using only rhetoric approach. While searching for metaphors and other rhetoric devices, I looked through the titles containing connotations, metaphors, and similes (e.g. â€Å"How Even Alternative Energy Could Threaten The Planet†, â€Å"Working For The Climate: Renewable Energy And The Green Job [R]Evolution†, †Å"Climate Change Debate Brewing In American Classrooms†, etc.). From which site, several articles were chosen with regard to the authors disclosing the issue under consideration. In particular, they should reveal articles of no older than 10 years, with particular reference to climate change crisis. Specific attention was specifically paid to activities and political ideologies pursued by those authors. For instance, Paul Krugman’s articles were chosen with great reliance on his economic views and ideologies expressed in difference spheres. Finally, articles expressing clearly their positions, either in favor or against the climate change, were chosen. Biased and ambivalent articles, though related to climate change and economy, were withdrawn. Overall, the chosen articles are closely related to such concepts as global warming, carbon dioxide emissions, economic outcomes of bio-fuel introductions, restrictions to the Kyoto Protocol, framing a new green economy, governm ental investments into the climate change, employment rates, and economic growth. Characteristics of Discourse Coalitions While sorting out the articles revealing the ideologies of climate change advocacy discourse, I will refer to such actors as Greenpeace, David Suzuki Foundation, newspapers, The New York Time, The Globe and the Mail, and The Toronto Star. While reviewing official websites, I was primarily focused on the mission and vision of these actors to define their position, as well as economic outlook, on the climate change ideology. All these articles supporting this side of debate often apply to the word-combination â€Å"green economy† to advocate their ideologies. As an opposition, I have chosen such coalitions as Junk Science, Fraser Institute, Frontier Center, National Post and the Wall Street Journal. However, some of the actors introduce articles that produce bias with regard to their position due to the ambivalence presented in their storylines. Overall, whi le collecting data with regard to the thematic requirements, 22 articles were chosen to reveal the economic ideologies of climate change advocacy coalition, and 11 articles to support the position of climate change skeptics. Though the number of chosen articles supporting coalitions’ ideologies is not equal, it should influence the study of political ideologies and economic discourse of environmental issues. Before reviewing the selected samples of articles on economic discourse in climate change, I reviewed many articles dedicated to the connection between discourse and climate change debates that primarily focus on theoretical frameworks and techniques for exposing data. Hence, overview of basic definitions of argumentation, macro-argument, discourse coalitions, and rhetoric devices. To make sure that the chosen method is reliable and valid, I looked through the findings presented by Goldschmidt and Szmrecsanyi (2007) who applied to the rhetoric devices while analyzing text s on economics. Identifying the Basic Aspects of Genres to Analyze Data While referring to basic aspects of genre and rhetoric analysis, the first stage of research sought to define the common patterns of exposing specific policies and ideologies in various articles. In this respect, the text analysis was mainly premised on genre theories, theory of rhetoric, and discourse analysis. Importantly, all these theoretical frameworks were analyzed in combination as well to define how different complex of devices was used to communicate a specific ideological position. The selected discourse was characterized as themes, debates and oppositions created with regard to climate change ideologies. While defining economic perspectives of considering the environment problem, the articles provides an exhaustive overview of ecological problems. At the same time, the economic angle of climate change ideologies contributes to a clearer identification of stances represented by different coalitions. Ju dging from the findings, most articles refer to climate change is the major reasons either for restructuring the economy or for aggravating the economic situation. These principles were traced almost in all articles. Overall, the rhetorical and genre analysis was divided into several parts. Thus, each climate change coalition underwent textual analysis with regard to presence of such rhetorical devices as metaphors, logos, ethos, and pathos, words with connotative meaning, rhetorical questions, and argumentations. Further, each side of debate was considered through the prism of social representation to define to what target audiences the given discourses are addressed. The next step will involve the analysis of the chosen articles with regard to coalitions’ positions with regard ideology definition. In this respect, some articles were chosen just to define the core directions under which the material was to be analyzed. Discourse structures analysis is also an important addit ion to defining what frameworks and concepts the authors used to communicate their ideas. Finally, the data analysis was performed with regard analysis of discourses from dynamic perspective and mode of production, which also provides an important insight into the study. In addition, though some articles directly relate to discussing economic discourse in climate change, they were not used as a raw data, but as theoretical support. References Amossy, R. (2009). The New Rhetoric’s Inheritance. Argumentation and Discourse Analysis. Argumentation, 23(3), 313-324. Fischer, F. Forester, J. (1993). The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis and Planning. US: Taylor Francis. Garzone, G., Sarangi, S. (2007). Discourse, Ideology, and Specialized Communication. US: Peter Lang. Goldschmidt, N., Szmrecsanyi, B. (2007). What Do Economists Talk About? A Linguistic Analysis of Published Writing in Economic Journals. American Journal Of Economics And Sociology, 66(2), 335-37. Klamer, A., Solow, R. (1988). The Consequences of economic rhetoric. UK: Cambridge University Press. Kologlugil, S. (2010). Michel Foucault’s archaeology of knowledge and economic discourse. Erasmus Journal For Philosophy Economics, 3(2), 1-25. Mackie, C. D. (1998). Canonizing Economic Theory: How Theories and Ideas Are Selected in Economics. US: M. E. Sharpe. McCloskey, D. N. (1998). The Rhetoric of Economics. US: University of Wisconsin Press. Vestergaard, J. (2009). Discipline in the Global Economy?: International Finance and the End of Liberalism. US: Taylor Francis. Waterhout, B. (2008). The Institutionalisation of European Spatial Planning. US: IOS Press. This research paper on Metholdogy for economic discourse analysis in climate change was written and submitted by user Alana Gutierrez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.